RF Standard


  • Radio frequency (3kHz to 300GHz)
  • ITU-R (United Nations)
    • 2.400 to 2.500 GHz (ISM + wireless)
    • 5.725 to 5.825 GHz (ISM + wireless)
  • FCC (US)
    • 2.400 to 2.500 GHz (ISM + wireless)
    • U-NII-1 (Band 1): 5.15 to 5.25 GHz (Indoor) (wireless)
    • U-NII-2 (Band 2): 5.25 to 5.35 GHz (In/outdoor) (DFS:遇radar要讓) (wireless)
    • U-NII-2 Extended (Band 3): 5.47 to 5.725 GHz (In/outdoor) (DFS:遇radar要讓) (wireless)
    • U-NII-3 (Band 4) 5.725 to 5.825 (In/outdoor) (ISM + wireless)
  • ETSI (EU)
    • 2.400 to 2.500 GHz (ISM + wireless)
    • U-NII-1 (Band 1): 5.15 to 5.25 GHz (Indoor) (wireless)
    • U-NII-2 (Band 2): 5.25 to 5.35 GHz (Indoor) (DFS:遇radar要讓) (wireless)
    • U-NII-2 Extended (Band 3): 5.47 to 5.725 GHz (In/outdoor) (DFS:遇radar要讓) (wireless)

FCC EIRP Limit (Point-to-multipoint links):

fcc limit

FCC EIRP Limit (Point-to-point links):

fcc limit


※ IEEE 802.11 Channel Layout ※


IEEE 802.11 Channel Layout in 2.4-GHz Band:

ieee 802.11 2.4-GHz Band Channel Layout

IEEE 802.11 Channel Layout in 5-GHz Band:

ieee 802.11 2.4-GHz Band Channel Layout

※ IEEE 802.11 ※

802.11b
802.11b

802.11g
802.11g

  • Protection mechanism, 防止和b撞frequency, 加個DSSS flag提b等一會才發signal
  • 只行2.4GHz, 只有3個non-overlap channels
  • ISM interference
802.11g

802.11a
802.11a

802.11n
  • a & g compatible
  • MIMO
802.11n

  • MIMO Data Rate improvement
    • Channel aggregation
    • Spatial multiplexing
    • MAC layer efficiency
      • Data frame in one burst (只發生一次header)
      • 防止inter-symbol interference, symbol之間, Guard interval 800 nanoseconds
  • MIMO Reliability
    • Transmit beamforming (TxBF) (ClientLink)
      • 調節phase, 去到指定Rx便constructive interference
    • Maximal-ratio combining (MRC)
      • 把所有Rx接收到的相同signal再合成一個靚Signal
802.11n Channel Aggregation

spatial multiplexing

802.11ac (802.11n加強) Data Rate
  • Robust Channel Aggregation
  • Dense Modulation
  • MAC Layer Efficiency
    • MSDU inside a big frame
    • Guard interference
802.11ac channel aggregation

802.11ac modulation and coding schemes

802.11ac (802.11n加強) Reliability Rate
  • 用NDP mode Explicit Transmit Beamforming
  • Scalable MIMO
    • 8 spatial streams (8段data)
  • MU-MIMO
    • Customize 每個client
Other Frequency Band
  • 802.11ad
    • 60GHz 高frequency難穿object, 室內用, 特快data speed
  • 802.11af
    • 54-790MHz, 低frequency, 穿object, high range
  • 802.11ah
    • <1GHz, 距離長1km

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